|
Fear, uncertainty, and doubt (shortened to "FUD") is a tactic used in sales, marketing, public relations,〔The term FUD is also alternatively rendered as "Fear Uncertainty and Disinformation". See e.g., p. 179〕 politics and propaganda. FUD is generally a strategic attempt to influence perception by disseminating negative and dubious or false information. An individual firm, for example, might use FUD to invite unfavorable opinions and speculation about a competitor's product; to increase the general estimation of switching costs among current customers; or to maintain leverage over a current business partner who could potentially become a rival. The term originated to describe disinformation tactics in the computer hardware industry but has since been used more broadly.〔For example, FUD has been used to describe social dynamics in contexts where sales, lobbying or commercial promotion is not involved.〕 FUD is a manifestation of the appeal to fear. ==Definition== The term appeared in other contexts as far back as the 1920s.〔"Suspicion has no place in our interchanges; it is a shield for ignorance, a sign of fear, uncertainty, and doubt." Caesar Augustus Yarbrough, The Roman Catholic Church Challenged, p. 75. The Patriotic Societies of Macon, 1920.〕〔"Again he was caught in a tempest of fear, uncertainty, and doubt." Monica Mary Gardner, The Patriot Novelist of Poland, Henryk Sienkiewicz, p. 71. J.M. Dent ; E.P. Dutton & Co, 1926.〕 A similar formulation "doubts fears and uncertainties" reaches back to 1965.〔"This will give unspeakable comfort peace and satisfaction to his Mind, and set him not only out of danger and free him from an ill state, but out of all doubts fears and uncertainties in his thoughts about it; ..." William Payne, A practical discourse of repentance, rectifying the mistakes about it, especially such as lead either to despair or presumption: ..., p. 557. S. Smith, 1965.〕 By 1975, the term was already appearing abbreviated as FUD in marketing and sales contexts: FUD was first defined with its specific current meaning by Gene Amdahl the same year, 1975, after he left IBM to found his own company, Amdahl Corp.: "FUD is the fear, uncertainty, and doubt that IBM sales people instill in the minds of potential customers who might be considering Amdahl products."〔Gene Amdahl, quoted in Eric S. Raymond, ''(The Jargon File: FUD )".〕 The term has also been attributed to veteran Morgan Stanley computer analyst Ulrich Weil. As Eric S. Raymond writes:〔Eric S. Raymond, "(The Jargon File: FUD )".〕 By spreading questionable information about the drawbacks of less well known products, an established company can discourage decision-makers from choosing those products over its own, regardless of the relative ''technical'' merits. This is a recognized phenomenon, epitomized by the traditional axiom of purchasing agents that "nobody ever got fired for buying IBM equipment". The result is that many companies' IT departments buy software that they know to be technically inferior because upper management is more likely to recognize the brand. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Fear, uncertainty and doubt」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
|